Action Access

Action Access is a modular, concise and really easy to use access control system for Ruby on Rails. It allows to secure applications and handle permissions in a breeze.

• Focuses on what actions are accessible for the current user instead of messing with models and their attributes.

• Declarative and succinct authorization statements right in the controller. Everything related to a controller is within the controller (self-contained) so that no stale code is left behind when refactoring, moving or removing controllers.

• Totally independent from the authentication system and can work without user models or predefined roles.

• Batteries are included, utilities for thorough control and useful view helpers come out of the box.

• No configuration files, rake tasks or migrations needed.

Add action_access to the app's Gemfile, run the bundle command and restart any running server.

# Gemfile
gem 'action_access'

The most important setting is how to get the clearance levels (roles, credentials, user groups, etc.) for the current session, other than that it works out of the box.

Action Access doesn't require users or authentication at all to function so you can get creative with the way you set and identify clearance levels.

It only needs a current_clearance_levels method that returns the clearance levels granted for the current request. It can be a single clearance level (string or symbol) or a list of them (array), and it doesn't matter if they're singular or plural (they'll be singularized).

• With current_user:

  The default current_clearance_levels method tests if it can get current_user.clearance_levels and defaults to :guest if not.

  So, if you already have a current_user method you just need to add a clearance_levels method to the user. With a role based authorization you may add the following to your User model:

  class User < ActiveRecord::Base
    belongs_to :role
  
    def clearance_levels
      # Single role name
      role.name
    end
  end

  or

  class User < ActiveRecord::Base
    has_and_belongs_to_many :roles
  
    def clearance_levels
      # Array of role names
      roles.pluck(:name)
    end
  end

• No current_user:

  If there's no current_user you need to override current_clearance_levels with whatever logic applies to your application.

  Continuing with the role based example, you might do something like this:

  class ApplicationController < ActionController::Base
    def current_clearance_levels
      session[:role] || :guest
    end
  end

Permissions are set through authorization statements using the let class method available in every controller. It takes the clearance levels (plural or singular) first and the action or list of actions (array) as the last parameter.

As a simple example, to allow administrators (and only administrators in this case) to delete articles you'd add the following to ArticlesController:

class ArticlesController < ApplicationController
  let :admins, :destroy

  def destroy
    # ...
  end

  # ...
end

This will automatically lock the controller and only allow administrators accessing the destroy action. Every other request pointing to the controller will be rejected and redirected with an alert.

class ArticlesController < ApplicationController
  let :admins, :all
  let :editors, :reviewers, [:edit, :update]
  let :editors, :destroy
  let :all, [:index, :show]

  def index
    # ...
  end

  # ...
end

These statements lock the controller and set the following:

• Administrators (admins) are authorized to access any action.
• Editors can list, view, edit and destroy articles (can't create).
• Reviewers can list, view and edit articles.
• Anyone else can only list and view articles.

This case uses the special keyword :all. It means everyone if passed as the first argument or every action if passed as the last one.

Again, any unauthorized request will be rejected and redirected with an alert.

Notice that in the previous examples we didn't need to define clearance levels or roles anywhere else in the application. With the authorization statements you both define them and set their permissions. The only requirement is that the clearance levels from the authorizations match at least one from the list returned by current_clearance_levels.

This makes it easier to embrace modular designs, makes controllers to be self-contained and avoids leaving unnecessary or unused code after refactoring.

The lock_access class method forces controllers to be locked even if no permissions are defined, in such case every request will be redirected.

This allows to ensure that an entire application or scope (e.g. Admin) is locked by default. Simply call lock_access inside ApplicationController or from a scope's base controller.

class ApplicationController < ActionController::Base
  lock_access

  # ...
end

To unlock a single controller (to make it "public") add let :all, :all, this will allow anyone to access any action in the controller.

By default any unauthorized (or not explicitly authorized) access will be redirected to the root path.

You can set or choose a different path by overriding the somewhat long but very clear unauthorized_access_redirection_path method.

class ApplicationController < ActionController::Base

  def unauthorized_access_redirection_path
    # Ensure an array of symbols
    clearance_levels = Array(current_user.clearance_levels).map(&:to_sym)

    # Choose a redirection path
    return admin_root_path if clearance_levels.include?(:admin)
    return user_root_path  if clearance_levels.include?(:user)
    root_path
  end

  # ...
end

Redirections have a default alert message of "Not authorized.". To customize it or use translations set action_access.redirection_message in your locales.

# config/locales/en.yml
en:
  action_access:
    redirection_message: "You are not allowed to do this!"

If further control is required, possibly because access depends on request parameters or some result from the database, you can use the not_authorized! method inside actions to reject the request and issue a redirection. It optionally takes a redirection path and a custom alert message.

class ProfilesController < ApplicationController
  let :user, [:edit, :update]

  def update
    unless params[:id] == current_user.profile_id
      not_authorized! path: profile_path, message: "That's not your profile!"
    end

    # ...
  end

  # ...
end

There are better ways to handle this particular case but it serves to outline the use of not_authorized! inside actions.

Action Access is bundled with some model utilities too. By calling add_access_utilities in any model it will extend it with a can? instance method that checks if the entity (commonly a user) is authorized to perform a given action on a resource.

can? takes two arguments, the action and the resource, and a namespace option if needed. The resource can be a string, symbol, controller class or model instance. Action Access will do the possible to get the right controller out of the resource and the namespace (optional). In the end it returns a boolean.

Some examples:

@user.can? :edit, :articles, namespace: :admin
@user.can? :edit, @admin_article                       # Admin::Article instance
@user.can? :edit, Admin::ArticlesController
# True if the user's clearance levels allow her to access 'admin/articles#edit'.

Just like the default current_clearance_levels in controllers, can? depends on a clearance_levels method in the model too.

Following up the User model from before:

class User < ActiveRecord::Base
  add_access_utilities

  has_and_belongs_to_many :roles

  # Don't forget this!
  def clearance_levels
    # Array of role names
    roles.pluck(:name)
  end
end

<% if current_user.can? :edit, :articles %>
  <%= link_to 'Edit article', edit_article_path(@article) %>
<% end %>

The keeper is the core of Action Access, it's the one that registers permissions and who decides if a clearance level grants access or not.

It's available as keeper within controllers and views and as ActionAccess::Keeper.instance anywhere else. You can use it to check permissions with the lets? method, which takes the clearance level (only one) as the first argument and the rest are the same as for can?.

# Filter a list of roles to only those that allow to edit articles.
roles.select { |role| keeper.lets? role, :edit, :articles }

Action Access is released under the MIT License.

Copyright (c) 2014 Matías A. Gagliano.

If you have questions, found an issue or want to submit a pull request you must read the CONTRIBUTING file.

• DO NOT use the issue tracker for questions or to require help, there are other means for that (see the CONTRIBUTING file).

• ALWAYS open an issue before submitting a pull request, it won't be accepted otherwise. Discussing changes beforehand will make your work much more relevant.