Asciidoctor

Asciidoctor is a fast, open source, Ruby-based text processor for parsing AsciiDoc® into a document model and converting it to output formats such as HTML 5, DocBook 5, manual pages, PDF, EPUB 3, and other formats.

Asciidoctor also has an ecosystem of extensions, converters, build plugins, and tools to help you author and publish content written in AsciiDoc. You can find the documentation for these projects at https://docs.asciidoctor.org.

In addition to running on Ruby, Asciidoctor can be executed on a JVM using AsciidoctorJ or in any JavaScript environment using Asciidoctor.js.

This document is also available in the following languages:
简体中文 | Deutsch | Français | 日本語

Key documentation

AsciiDoc Processing and Built-in Converters

AsciiDoc is the language.
Asciidoctor is the processor.

Asciidoctor reads the AsciiDoc source, as shown in the panel on the left in the image below, and converts it to publishable formats, such as HTML 5, as shown rendered in the panel on the right.

Preview of AsciiDoc source and corresponding rendered HTML

Asciidoctor provides built-in converters for three output formats by default: HTML 5, DocBook 5, and man page (short for manual page). Additional converters, such as PDF and EPUB 3, are provided by separate gems. Asciidoctor also provides an out-of-the-box HTML experience complete with a default stylesheet and built-in integrations like Font Awesome (for icons), highlight.js, Rouge, and Pygments (for source highlighting), and MathJax (for STEM processing).

Asciidoctor Ecosystem

Although Asciidoctor is written in Ruby, it does not mean you need Ruby to use it. Asciidoctor can be executed on a JVM using AsciidoctorJ or in any JavaScript environment (including the browser) using Asciidoctor.js.

Installing an Asciidoctor processor is just the beginning of your publishing experience. Asciidoctor gives you access to a ecosystem of extensions and tools, ranging from add-on converters, to extended syntax, to build plugins, to integrated writing and preview environments:

Asciidoctor is the successor to AsciiDoc.py. If you’re using AsciiDoc.py, see Migrate from AsciiDoc.py to learn how to upgrade to Asciidoctor.

Requirements

Asciidoctor works on Linux, macOS and Windows and requires one of the following implementations of Ruby:

CRuby (aka MRI) 2.7 - 3.3
JRuby 9.2 - 9.4
TruffleRuby (GraalVM)

🔥

If you’re using a non-English Windows environment, you may bump into an Encoding::UndefinedConversionError when invoking Asciidoctor. To solve this issue, we recommend overriding the default external and internal character encodings to utf-8. You can do so by setting the RUBYOPT environment variable as follows:

RUBYOPT="-E utf-8:utf-8"

Once you make this change, all your Unicode headaches should be behind you.

If you’re using an IDE like Eclipse, make sure you set the encoding to UTF-8 there as well. Asciidoctor is optimized to work with UTF-8 as the default encoding.

Installation

Asciidoctor is packaged and distributed to RubyGems.org as a RubyGem (aka gem) named asciidoctor. The asciidoctor gem can be installed on all major operating systems using Ruby packaging tools (gem or bundle). Asciidoctor is also distributed as a Docker image, as a package for numerous Linux distributions, and as a package for macOS (via Homebrew and MacPorts).

Linux package managers

The version of Asciidoctor installed by the package manager may not match the latest release of Asciidoctor. Consult the package repository for your distribution to find out which version is packaged per distribution release.

If you want to use a version of Asciidoctor that’s newer than what is installed by the package manager, see the gem installation instructions.

apk (Alpine Linux)

To install the gem on Alpine Linux, open a terminal and type:

$ sudo apk add asciidoctor

pacman (Arch Linux)

To install the gem on Arch-based distributions, open a terminal and type:

$ sudo pacman -S asciidoctor

APT

On Debian and Debian-based distributions such as Ubuntu, use APT to install Asciidoctor. To install the package, open a terminal and type:

$ sudo apt-get install -y asciidoctor

DNF

On RPM-based Linux distributions, such as Fedora, CentOS, and RHEL, use the DNF package manager to install Asciidoctor. To install the package, open a terminal and type:

$ sudo dnf install -y asciidoctor

macOS

Homebrew

You can use Homebrew, the macOS package manager, to install Asciidoctor. If you don’t have Homebrew on your computer, complete the installation instructions first.

Once Homebrew is installed, you’re ready to install the asciidoctor gem. Open a terminal and type:

$ brew install asciidoctor

Homebrew installs the asciidoctor gem into an exclusive prefix that’s independent of system gems.

MacPorts

You can also use MacPorts, another package manager for macOS, to install Asciidoctor. If you don’t have MacPorts on your computer, complete the installation instructions first.

Once MacPorts is installed, you’re ready to install the asciidoctor gem via the Asciidoctor port. Open a terminal and type:

$ sudo port install asciidoctor

Windows

To use Asciidoctor with Windows, you have two options.

Chocolatey

When you already use chocolatey on your machine, you can use:

choco install ruby

Then follow gem installation instructions.

Rubyinstaller

Or you use the Rubyinstaller, download the package for your Windows Version and after the installation go ahead with gem installation instructions.

gem install

Before installing Asciidoctor using gem install, you should set up RVM (or similar) to install Ruby in your home directory (i.e., user space). Then, you can safely use the gem command to install or update the Asciidoctor gem, or any other gem for that matter. When using RVM, gems are installed in a location isolated from the system. (You should never use the gem command to install system-wide gems).

Once you’ve installed Ruby using RVM, and you have activated it using rvm use 3.0, open a terminal and type:

$ gem install asciidoctor

If you want to install a pre-release version (e.g., a release candidate), use:

$ gem install asciidoctor --pre

Docker

See Installing Asciidoctor using Docker.

Bundler

Create a Gemfile in the root folder of your project (or the current directory)

Add the asciidoctor gem to your Gemfile as follows:

source 'https://rubygems.org'
gem 'asciidoctor'
# or specify the version explicitly
# gem 'asciidoctor', '2.0.22'

Save the Gemfile
Open a terminal and install the gem using:
```
$ bundle
```

To upgrade the gem, specify the new version in the Gemfile and run bundle again. Using bundle update (without specifying a gem) is not recommended as it will also update other gems, which may not be the desired result.

Upgrade

If you installed Asciidoctor using a package manager, your operating system is probably configured to automatically update packages, in which case you don’t need to update the gem manually.

apk (Alpine Linux)

To upgrade the gem, use:

$ sudo apk add -u asciidoctor

APT

To upgrade the gem, use:

$ sudo apt-get upgrade -y asciidoctor

DNF

To upgrade the gem, use:

$ sudo dnf update -y asciidoctor

Homebrew (macOS)

To upgrade the gem, use:

$ brew update
$ brew upgrade asciidoctor

MacPorts (macOS)

To upgrade the gem, use:

$ sudo port selfupdate
$ sudo port upgrade asciidoctor

gem install

If you previously installed Asciidoctor using the gem command, you’ll need to manually upgrade Asciidoctor when a new version is released. You can upgrade the gem by typing:

$ gem install asciidoctor

When you install a new version of the gem using gem install, you end up with multiple versions installed. Use the following command to remove the old versions:

$ gem cleanup asciidoctor

Usage

If the Asciidoctor gem installed successfully, the asciidoctor command line interface (CLI) will be available on your PATH. To verify it’s available, run the following in your terminal:

$ asciidoctor --version

You should see information about the Asciidoctor version and your Ruby environment printed in the terminal.

Asciidoctor 2.0.22 [https://asciidoctor.org]
Runtime Environment (ruby 3.0.1p64 [x86_64-linux]) (lc:UTF-8 fs:UTF-8 in:UTF-8 ex:UTF-8)

Command line interface (CLI)

The asciidoctor command allows you to invoke Asciidoctor from the command line (i.e., a terminal).

The following command converts the file README.adoc to HTML and saves the result to the file README.html in the same directory. The name of the generated HTML file is derived from the source file by changing its file extension to .html.

$ asciidoctor README.adoc

You can control the Asciidoctor processor by adding various flags and switches, which you can learn about using:

$ asciidoctor --help

For instance, to write the file to a different directory, use:

$ asciidoctor -D output README.adoc

The asciidoctor man page provides a complete reference of the command line interface.

Refer to the following resources to learn more about how to use the asciidoctor command.

Ruby API

Asciidoctor also provides an API. The API is intended for integration with other Ruby software, such as Rails, GitHub, and GitLab, as well as other languages, such as Java (via AsciidoctorJ) and JavaScript (via Asciidoctor.js).

To use Asciidoctor in your application, you first need to require the gem:

require 'asciidoctor'

You can then convert an AsciiDoc source file to an HTML file using:

Asciidoctor.convert_file 'README.adoc', to_file: true, safe: :safe

⚠️	When using Asciidoctor via the API, the default safe mode is `:secure`. In secure mode, several core features are disabled, including the `include` directive. If you want to enable these features, you’ll need to explicitly set the safe mode to `:server` (recommended) or `:safe`.

You can also convert an AsciiDoc string to embeddable HTML (for inserting in an HTML page) using:

content = '_Zen_ in the art of writing https://asciidoctor.org[AsciiDoc].'
Asciidoctor.convert content, safe: :safe

If you want the full HTML document, enable the header_footer option as follows:

content = '_Zen_ in the art of writing https://asciidoctor.org[AsciiDoc].'
html = Asciidoctor.convert content, header_footer: true, safe: :safe

If you need access to the parsed document, you can split the conversion into discrete steps:

content = '_Zen_ in the art of writing https://asciidoctor.org[AsciiDoc].'
document = Asciidoctor.load content, header_footer: true, safe: :safe
puts document.doctitle
html = document.convert

Keep in mind that if you don’t like the output Asciidoctor produces, you can change it! Asciidoctor supports custom converters that can handle converting from the parsed document to the generated output.

One easy way to customize the output piecemeal is by using the template converter. The template converter allows you to supply a Tilt-supported template file to handle converting any node in the document.

However you go about it, you can have 100% control over the output. For more information about how to use the API or to customize the output, see:

Contributing

New contributors are always welcome! If you discover errors or omissions in the source code, documentation, or website content, please don’t hesitate to submit an issue or open a pull request with a fix.

Here are some ways you can contribute:

by using prerelease (alpha, beta or preview) versions
by reporting bugs
by suggesting new features
by writing or editing documentation
by writing code with tests — No patch is too small.
- fix typos
- add comments
- clean up inconsistent whitespace
- write tests!
by refactoring code
by fixing issues
by reviewing patches

The Contributing guide provides information on how to create, style, and submit issues, feature requests, code, and documentation to Asciidoctor.

Getting Help

Asciidoctor is developed to help you easily write and publish your content. But we can’t do it without your input. If you need assistance or want to provide feedback, please follow the links to the resources listed on the Get Help page in the docs. Here’s a quick summary:

Project chat (Zulip): https://chat.asciidoctor.org
Discussion list (archived): https://discuss.asciidoctor.org
Social media (Twitter): Follow @asciidoctor or search the #asciidoctor hashtag

Further information and documentation about Asciidoctor can be found on the project’s website.

Home | News | Docs

The Asciidoctor organization on GitHub hosts the project’s source code, issue tracker, and sub-projects.

Source repository (git): https://github.com/asciidoctor/asciidoctor
Issue tracker: https://github.com/asciidoctor/asciidoctor/issues
Asciidoctor organization on GitHub: https://github.com/asciidoctor

Code of Conduct

The core Asciidoctor project is governed by the Code of Conduct for the Asciidoctor community of projects. By participating, you’re agreeing to honor this code. Let’s work together to make this a welcoming, professional, inclusive, and safe environment for everyone.

Versioning and Release Policy

This project adheres to semantic versioning (major.minor.patch). Typically, patch releases are only made for the current minor release. However, exceptions are made on a case-by-case basis to address security vulnerabilities and other high-priority issues.

Copyright and License

See the LICENSE for the full license text.

Authors

Asciidoctor is led by Dan Allen and Sarah White and has received contributions from many individuals in Asciidoctor’s awesome community. The project was initiated in 2012 by Ryan Waldron based on a prototype written by Nick Hengeveld for the Git website.

AsciiDoc.py was started and maintained by Stuart Rackham from 2002 to 2013 and has received contributions from many individuals in the AsciiDoc.py community.

Trademarks

AsciiDoc® and AsciiDoc Language™ are trademarks of the Eclipse Foundation, Inc.

Changelog

Refer to the CHANGELOG for a complete list of changes in older releases.

asciidoctor

Development

Asciidoctor

Sponsors

AsciiDoc Processing and Built-in Converters

Asciidoctor Ecosystem

Requirements

Installation

Linux package managers

apk (Alpine Linux)

pacman (Arch Linux)

APT

DNF

macOS

Homebrew

MacPorts

Windows

Chocolatey

Rubyinstaller

gem install

Docker

Bundler

Upgrade

apk (Alpine Linux)

APT

DNF

Homebrew (macOS)

MacPorts (macOS)

gem install

Usage

Command line interface (CLI)

Ruby API

Contributing

Getting Help

Code of Conduct

Versioning and Release Policy

Copyright and License

Authors

Trademarks

Changelog