Clearance

Rails authentication with email & password.

Clearance is intended to be small, simple, and well-tested. It has opinionated defaults but is intended to be easy to override.

Please use GitHub Issues to report bugs. If you have a question about the library, please use the clearance tag on Stack Overflow. This tag is monitored by contributors.

Clearance is a Rails engine tested against Rails >= 7.0 and Ruby >= 3.1.6.

You can add it to your Gemfile with:

gem "clearance"

Run the bundle command to install it.

After you install Clearance, you need to run the generator:

rails generate clearance:install

The Clearance install generator:

• Inserts Clearance::User into your User model
• Inserts Clearance::Controller into your ApplicationController
• Creates an initializer file to allow further configuration.
• Creates a migration file that either create a users table or adds any necessary columns to the existing table.

Override any of these defaults in config/initializers/clearance.rb:

Clearance.configure do |config|
  config.allow_sign_up = true
  config.allow_password_reset = true
  config.cookie_domain = ".example.com"
  config.cookie_expiration = lambda { |cookies| 1.year.from_now.utc }
  config.cookie_name = "remember_token"
  config.cookie_path = "/"
  config.routes = true
  config.httponly = true
  config.mailer_sender = "reply@example.com"
  config.password_strategy = Clearance::PasswordStrategies::BCrypt
  config.redirect_url = "/"
  config.url_after_destroy = nil
  config.url_after_denied_access_when_signed_out = nil
  config.rotate_csrf_on_sign_in = true
  config.same_site = nil
  config.secure_cookie = Rails.configuration.force_ssl
  config.signed_cookie = false
  config.sign_in_guards = []
  config.user_model = "User"
  config.parent_controller = "ApplicationController"
  config.sign_in_on_password_reset = false
end

Use the require_login filter to control access to controller actions.

class ArticlesController < ApplicationController
  before_action :require_login

  def index
    current_user.articles
  end
end

Clearance also provides routing constraints that can be used to control access at the routing layer:

Blog::Application.routes.draw do
  constraints Clearance::Constraints::SignedIn.new { |user| user.admin? } do
    root to: "admin/dashboards#show", as: :admin_root
  end

  constraints Clearance::Constraints::SignedIn.new do
    root to: "dashboards#show", as: :signed_in_root
  end

  constraints Clearance::Constraints::SignedOut.new do
    root to: "marketing#index"
  end
end

Use current_user, signed_in?, and signed_out? in controllers, views, and helpers. For example:

<% if signed_in? %>
  <%= current_user.email %>
  <%= button_to "Sign out", sign_out_path, method: :delete %>
<% else %>
  <%= link_to "Sign in", sign_in_path %>
<% end %>

When a user resets their password, Clearance delivers them an email. You should change the mailer_sender default, used in the email's "from" header:

Clearance.configure do |config|
  config.mailer_sender = "reply@example.com"
end

You can support multiple domains, or other special domain configurations by optionally setting cookie_domain as a callable object. The first argument passed to the method is an ActionDispatch::Request object.

Clearance.configure do |config|
  config.cookie_domain = lambda { |request| request.host }
end

Clearance adds its session to the Rack environment hash so middleware and other Rack applications can interact with it:

class Bubblegum::Middleware
  def initialize(app)
    @app = app
  end

  def call(env)
    if env[:clearance].signed_in?
      env[:clearance].current_user.bubble_gum
    end

    @app.call(env)
  end
end

See config/routes.rb for the default set of routes.

As of Clearance 1.5 it is recommended that you disable Clearance routes and take full control over routing and URL design. This ensures that your app's URL design won't be affected if the gem's routes and URL design are changed.

To disable the routes, change the routes configuration option to false:

Clearance.configure do |config|
  config.routes = false
end

You can optionally run rails generate clearance:routes to dump a copy of the default routes into your application for modification.

See app/controllers/clearance for the default behavior. Many protected methods were extracted in these controllers in an attempt to make overrides and hooks simpler.

To override a Clearance controller, subclass it and update the routes to point to your new controller (see the "Routes" section).

class PasswordsController < Clearance::PasswordsController
class SessionsController < Clearance::SessionsController
class UsersController < Clearance::UsersController

The post-action redirects in Clearance are simple methods which can be overridden one by one, or configured globally.

These "success" methods are called for signed in users, and redirect to Clearance.configuration.redirect_url (which is / by default):

• passwords#url_after_update
• sessions#url_after_create
• sessions#url_for_signed_in_users
• users#url_after_create
• application#url_after_denied_access_when_signed_in

To override them all at once, change the global configuration of redirect_url. To change individual URLs, override the appropriate method in your subclassed controller.

These "failure" methods are called for signed out sessions:

• application#url_after_denied_access_when_signed_out
• sessions#url_after_destroy

You can override the appropriate method in your subclassed controller or you can set a configuration value for either of these URLs:

• Clearance.configuration.url_after_denied_access_when_signed_out
• Clearance.configuration.url_after_destroy

Both configurations default to nil and if not set will default to sign_in_url in sessions_controller.rb and authorization.rb for backwards compatibility.

See app/views for the default behavior.

To override a view, create your own copy of it:

app/views/clearance_mailer/change_password.html.erb
app/views/passwords/create.html.erb
app/views/passwords/edit.html.erb
app/views/passwords/new.html.erb
app/views/sessions/_form.html.erb
app/views/sessions/new.html.erb
app/views/users/_form.html.erb
app/views/users/new.html.erb

You can use the Clearance views generator to copy the default views to your application for modification.

rails generate clearance:views

By default, Clearance uses your application's default layout. If you would like to change the layout that Clearance uses when rendering its views, simply specify the layout in the config/application.rb

config.to_prepare do
  Clearance::PasswordsController.layout "my_passwords_layout"
  Clearance::SessionsController.layout "my_sessions_layout"
  Clearance::UsersController.layout "my_admin_layout"
end

All flash messages and email subject lines are stored in i18n translations. Override them like any other translation.

See config/locales/clearance.en.yml for the default behavior.

You can also install clearance-i18n for access to additional, user-contributed translations.

See lib/clearance/user.rb for the default behavior. You can override those methods as needed.

Note that there are some model-level validations (see above link for detail) which the Clearance::User module will add to the configured model class and which may conflict with or duplicate already present validations on the email and password attributes. Over-riding the email_optional? or skip_password_validation? methods to return true will disable those validations from being added.

By default, Clearance uses unsigned cookies. If you would like to use signed cookies you can do so by overriding the default in an initializer like so:

Clearance.configure do |config|
  # ... other overrides
  config.signed_cookie = true
end

If you are currently not using signed cookies but would like to migrate your users over to them without breaking current sessions, you can do so by passing in :migrate rather than true as so:

Clearance.configure do |config|
  # ... other overrides
  config.signed_cookie = :migrate
end

You can read more about signed cookies in Clearance and why they are a good idea in the pull request that added them.

By default, Clearance will sign in any user with valid credentials. If you need to support additional checks during the sign in process then you can use the SignInGuard stack. For example, using the SignInGuard stack, you could prevent suspended users from signing in, or require that users confirm their email address before accessing the site.

SignInGuards offer fine-grained control over the process of signing in a user. Each guard is run in order and hands the session off to the next guard in the stack.

A SignInGuard is an object that responds to call. It is initialized with a session and the current stack.

On success, a guard should call the next guard or return SuccessStatus.new if you don't want any subsequent guards to run.

On failure, a guard should call FailureStatus.new(failure_message). It can provide a message explaining the failure.

For convenience, a SignInGuard class has been provided and can be inherited from. The convenience class provides a few methods to help make writing guards simple: success, failure, next_guard, signed_in?, and current_user.

Here's an example custom guard to handle email confirmation:

Clearance.configure do |config|
  config.sign_in_guards = ["EmailConfirmationGuard"]
end

# app/guards/email_confirmation_guard.rb
class EmailConfirmationGuard < Clearance::SignInGuard
  def call
    if unconfirmed?
      failure("You must confirm your email address.")
    else
      next_guard
    end
  end

  def unconfirmed?
    signed_in? && !current_user.confirmed_at
  end
end

Clearance includes middleware that avoids wasting time spent visiting, loading, and submitting the sign in form. It instead signs in the designated user directly. The speed increase can be substantial.

Enable the Middleware in Test:

# config/environments/test.rb
MyRailsApp::Application.configure do
  # ...
  config.middleware.use Clearance::BackDoor
  # ...
end

Usage:

visit root_path(as: user)

Additionally, if User#to_param is overridden, you can pass a block in order to override the default behavior:

# config/environments/test.rb
MyRailsApp::Application.configure do
  # ...
  config.middleware.use Clearance::BackDoor do |username|
    Clearance.configuration.user_model.find_by(username: username)
  end
  # ...
end

If you're using RSpec, you can generate feature specs to help prevent regressions in Clearance's integration with your Rails app over time. These feature specs, will also require factory_bot_rails.

To Generate the clearance specs, run:

rails generate clearance:specs

To test controller actions that are protected by before_action :require_login, require Clearance's test helpers in your test suite.

For rspec, add the following line to your spec/rails_helper.rb or spec/spec_helper if rails_helper does not exist:

require "clearance/rspec"

For test-unit, add this line to your test/test_helper.rb:

require "clearance/test_unit"

Note for Rails 5: the default generated controller tests are now integration tests. You will need to use the backdoor middleware instead.

This will make Clearance::Controller methods work in your controllers during functional tests and provide access to helper methods like:

sign_in
sign_in_as(user)
sign_out

Does the view or helper you're testing reference signed_in?, signed_out? or current_user? If you require 'clearance/rspec', you will have the following helpers available in your view specs:

sign_in
sign_in_as(user)

These will make the clearance view helpers work as expected by signing in either a new instance of your user model (sign_in) or the object you pass to sign_in_as. If you do not call one of these sign in helpers or otherwise set current_user in your view specs, your view will behave as if there is no current user: signed_in? will be false and signed_out? will be true.

Please see CONTRIBUTING.md. Thank you, contributors!

For security issues it's better to contact security@thoughtbot.com (See https://thoughtbot.com/security)

Clearance is copyright © 2009 thoughtbot. It is free software, and may be redistributed under the terms specified in the LICENSE file.

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