Grit

Grit gives you object oriented read/write access to Git repositories via Ruby. The main goals are stability and performance. To this end, some of the interactions with Git repositories are done by shelling out to the system's git command, and other interactions are done with pure Ruby reimplementations of core Git functionality. This choice, however, is transparent to end users, and you need not know which method is being used.

This software was developed to power GitHub, and should be considered production ready. An extensive test suite is provided to verify its correctness.

Grit is maintained by Tom Preston-Werner, Scott Chacon, Chris Wanstrath, and PJ Hyett.

This documentation is accurate as of Grit 2.0.

• git (http://git-scm.com) tested with 1.6.0.2

Easiest install is via RubyGems:

$ gem install grit -s http://gemcutter.org

Grit's Git repo is available on GitHub, which can be browsed at:

http://github.com/mojombo/grit

and cloned with:

git clone git://github.com/mojombo/grit.git

You will need these gems to get tests to pass:

• jeweler
• mocha

If you'd like to contribute to Grit, we ask that you fork mojombo/grit on GitHub, and push up a topic branch for each feature you add or bug you fix. Then create an issue and link to the topic branch and explain what the code does. This allows us to discuss and merge each change separately.

Grit gives you object model access to your Git repositories. Once you have created a Repo object, you can traverse it to find parent commits, trees, blobs, etc.

The first step is to create a Grit::Repo object to represent your repo. In this documentation I include the Grit module to reduce typing.

require 'grit'
include Grit
repo = Repo.new("/Users/tom/dev/grit")

In the above example, the directory /Users/tom/dev/grit is my working directory and contains the .git directory. You can also initialize Grit with a bare repo.

repo = Repo.new("/var/git/grit.git")

From the Repo object, you can get a list of commits as an array of Commit objects.

repo.commits
# => [#<Grit::Commit "e80bbd2ce67651aa18e57fb0b43618ad4baf7750">,
      #<Grit::Commit "91169e1f5fa4de2eaea3f176461f5dc784796769">,
      #<Grit::Commit "038af8c329ef7c1bae4568b98bd5c58510465493">,
      #<Grit::Commit "40d3057d09a7a4d61059bca9dca5ae698de58cbe">,
      #<Grit::Commit "4ea50f4754937bf19461af58ce3b3d24c77311d9">]

Called without arguments, Repo#commits returns a list of up to ten commits reachable by the master branch (starting at the latest commit). You can ask for commits beginning at a different branch, commit, tag, etc.

repo.commits('mybranch')
repo.commits('40d3057d09a7a4d61059bca9dca5ae698de58cbe')
repo.commits('v0.1')

You can specify the maximum number of commits to return.

repo.commits('master', 100)

If you need paging, you can specify a number of commits to skip.

repo.commits('master', 10, 20)

The above will return commits 21-30 from the commit list.

Commit objects contain information about that commit.

head = repo.commits.first

head.id
# => "e80bbd2ce67651aa18e57fb0b43618ad4baf7750"

head.parents
# => [#<Grit::Commit "91169e1f5fa4de2eaea3f176461f5dc784796769">]

head.tree
# => #<Grit::Tree "3536eb9abac69c3e4db583ad38f3d30f8db4771f">

head.author
# => #<Grit::Actor "Tom Preston-Werner <tom@mojombo.com>">

head.authored_date
# => Wed Oct 24 22:02:31 -0700 2007

head.committer
# => #<Grit::Actor "Tom Preston-Werner <tom@mojombo.com>">

head.committed_date
# => Wed Oct 24 22:02:31 -0700 2007

head.message
# => "add Actor inspect"

You can traverse a commit's ancestry by chaining calls to #parents.

repo.commits.first.parents[0].parents[0].parents[0]

The above corresponds to master^^^ or master~3 in Git parlance.

A tree records pointers to the contents of a directory. Let's say you want the root tree of the latest commit on the master branch.

tree = repo.commits.first.tree
# => #<Grit::Tree "3536eb9abac69c3e4db583ad38f3d30f8db4771f">

tree.id
# => "3536eb9abac69c3e4db583ad38f3d30f8db4771f"

Once you have a tree, you can get the contents.

contents = tree.contents
# => [#<Grit::Blob "4ebc8aea50e0a67e000ba29a30809d0a7b9b2666">,
      #<Grit::Blob "81d2c27608b352814cbe979a6acd678d30219678">,
      #<Grit::Tree "c3d07b0083f01a6e1ac969a0f32b8d06f20c62e5">,
      #<Grit::Tree "4d00fe177a8407dbbc64a24dbfc564762c0922d8">]

This tree contains two Blob objects and two Tree objects. The trees are subdirectories and the blobs are files. Trees below the root have additional attributes.

contents.last.name
# => "lib"

contents.last.mode
# => "040000"

There is a convenience method that allows you to get a named sub-object from a tree.

tree / "lib"
# => #<Grit::Tree "e74893a3d8a25cbb1367cf241cc741bfd503c4b2">

You can also get a tree directly from the repo if you know its name.

repo.tree
# => #<Grit::Tree "master">

repo.tree("91169e1f5fa4de2eaea3f176461f5dc784796769")
# => #<Grit::Tree "91169e1f5fa4de2eaea3f176461f5dc784796769">

A blob represents a file. Trees often contain blobs.

blob = tree.contents.first
# => #<Grit::Blob "4ebc8aea50e0a67e000ba29a30809d0a7b9b2666">

A blob has certain attributes.

blob.id
# => "4ebc8aea50e0a67e000ba29a30809d0a7b9b2666"

blob.name
# => "README.txt"

blob.mode
# => "100644"

blob.size
# => 7726

You can get the data of a blob as a string.

blob.data
# => "Grit is a library to ..."

You can also get a blob directly from the repo if you know its name.

repo.blob("4ebc8aea50e0a67e000ba29a30809d0a7b9b2666")
# => #<Grit::Blob "4ebc8aea50e0a67e000ba29a30809d0a7b9b2666">

There are many more API methods available that are not documented here. Please reference the code for more functionality.

Copyright (c) 2008 Tom Preston-Werner. See LICENSE for details.