WeChat

中文文档 Chinese document

Wechat is a Chinese multi-purpose messaging, social media and mobile payment app developed by Tencent. It was first released in 2011, and by 2018 it was one of the world's largest standalone mobile apps by monthly active users, with over 1 billion monthly active users (902 million daily active users). (According to wiki)

WeChat gem helps Rails developers integrate WeChat Official Accounts Platform or Wechat mini program easily, including features:

Sending message API（can be both accessed via console or rails server）
Receiving message（rails server is required to be running）
Wechat JS-SDK config signature
OAuth 2.0 authentication
Record session when receiving message from user (Optional)

wechat command shares the same API in console, so you can interact with wechat server quickly without starting up web environment/code.

A responder DSL can be used in Rails controller, which gives an event based interface to handle messages sent by end users.

If Wechat OAuth 2.0 is required by your app, omniauth-wechat-oauth2 is recommended in order to apply devise authentication.

If tencent's weui UI style is adoped in your project, gem weui-rails is available for you.

For web page only wechat application, please use wechat_api, which only contains web features, compared with traditional message type wechat_responder.

There is a more complete wechat-starter demo available, which futher includes the payment SDK feature.

Installation

Use gem install

gem install "wechat"
# If your ruby version < 2.6
# gem install wechat -v 0.12.4

Or add it to your app's Gemfile:

gem 'wechat'
# If your rails version < 6.0
# gem 'wechat', '~> 0.12.4'

Run the following command to install it:

bundle install

Run the generator:

rails generate wechat:install

rails g wechat:install will generate the initial wechat.yml configuration file, including an sample wechat controller and corresponding routes.

Enable session record:

rails g wechat:session
rake db:migrate

Enabling session will generate two files in Rails folder, you can add more columns to wechat_session table and add declaration to link to users table, it's also possible to store data directly in hash_store. If you are using PostgreSQL, using hstore/json maybe better, but the best way is to add a dedicated column to record the data (the Rails way).

Using Redis to store wechat token and ticket:

rails g wechat:redis_store

Redis storage supports Rails application running in multiple servers. It is recommended to use default file storage if there is only one single server. Besides that, wechat command won't read token/ticket stored in Redis.

Enable database wechat configurations:

rails g wechat:config
rake db:migrate

After running the migration, a wechat_configs table will be created that allows storage of multiple wechat accounts.

Configuration

Configure wechat for the first time

Make sure to finish all the setup on rails side first, then submit those setting to Tencent wechat management website. Otherwise, wechat will raise error.

URL address for wechat created by running rails g wechat:install is http://your-server.com/wechat

How to setup appid/corpid and secret see below section.

Configure wechat by record-based mode

Make sure the record attributes include access_token, token_expires_in, got_token_at.

def client
  @client ||= Wechat::Api.new(app_id, app_secret, token_file, network_setting, jsapi_ticket_file, record)
end

Configure for command line

To use standalone wechat command, you need to create configuration file ~/.wechat.yml and include content below for public account. The access_token will be written to file /var/tmp/wechat_access_token.

appid: "my_appid"
secret: "my_secret"
access_token: "/var/tmp/wechat_access_token"

For enterprise account, you need to use corpid instead of appid as enterprise account supports multiply application (Tencent calls them agents) in one enterprise account. Obtaining the corpsecret is a little bit tricky, must be created at management mode->privilege setting and create any of management group to obtain. Due to Tencent currently only providing Chinese interface for their management console, it's highly recommended you find a colleague knowing Mandarin to help you to obtain the corpsecret.

Windows users need to store .wechat.yml at C:/Users/[user_name]/ (replace with your user name), also pay attention to the direction of folder separator.

corpid: "my_appid"
corpsecret: "my_secret"
agentid: 1 # Integer, which can be obtained from application settings
access_token: "C:/Users/[user_name]/wechat_access_token"

Configure for Rails

Rails configuration file supports different environment similar to database.yml, after running rails generate wechat:install you can find configuration file at config/wechat.yml

Public account configuration example：

default: &default
  appid: "app_id"
  secret: "app_secret"
  token:  "app_token"
  access_token: "/var/tmp/wechat_access_token"
  jsapi_ticket: "/var/tmp/wechat_jsapi_ticket"

production:
  appid: <%= ENV['WECHAT_APPID'] %>
  secret: <%= ENV['WECHAT_APP_SECRET'] %>
  token:   <%= ENV['WECHAT_TOKEN'] %>
  access_token: <%= ENV['WECHAT_ACCESS_TOKEN'] %>
  jsapi_ticket: <%= ENV['WECHAT_JSAPI_TICKET'] %>
  oauth2_cookie_duration: <%= ENV['WECHAT_OAUTH2_COOKIE_DURATION'] %> # seconds

development:
  <<: *default
  trusted_domain_fullname: "http://your_dev.proxy.qqbrowser.cc"

test:
  <<: *default

Although it's optional for public account, but highly recommended to enable encrypt mode by adding these two items to wechat.yml

default: &default
  encrypt_mode: true
  encoding_aes_key:  "my_encoding_aes_key"

Enterprise account must use encrypt mode (encrypt_mode: true is on by default, no need to configure).

The token and encoding_aes_key can be obtained from management console -> one of the agent application -> Mode selection, select callback mode and get/set.

default: &default
  corpid: "corpid"
  corpsecret: "corpsecret"
  agentid:  1
  access_token: "C:/Users/[user_name]/wechat_access_token"
  token:    ""
  encoding_aes_key:  ""
  jsapi_ticket: "C:/Users/[user_name]/wechat_jsapi_ticket"

production:
  corpid:     <%= ENV['WECHAT_CORPID'] %>
  corpsecret: <%= ENV['WECHAT_CORPSECRET'] %>
  agentid:    <%= ENV['WECHAT_AGENTID'] %>
  access_token:  <%= ENV['WECHAT_ACCESS_TOKEN'] %>
  token:      <%= ENV['WECHAT_TOKEN'] %>
  timeout:    30,
  skip_verify_ssl: true # not recommend
  encoding_aes_key:  <%= ENV['WECHAT_ENCODING_AES_KEY'] %>
  jsapi_ticket: <%= ENV['WECHAT_JSAPI_TICKET'] %>
  oauth2_cookie_duration: <%= ENV['WECHAT_OAUTH2_COOKIE_DURATION'] %>

development:
  <<: *default
  trusted_domain_fullname: "http://your_dev.proxy.qqbrowser.cc"

test:
  <<: *default

 # Multiple Accounts
 #
 # wx2_development:
 #  <<: *default
 #  appid: "my_appid"
 #  secret: "my_secret"
 #  access_token: "tmp/wechat_access_token2"
 #  jsapi_ticket: "tmp/wechat_jsapi_ticket2"
 #
 # wx2_test:
 #  <<: *default
 #  appid: "my_appid"
 #  secret: "my_secret"
 #
 # wx2_production:
 #  <<: *default
 #  appid: "my_appid"
 #  secret: "my_secret"

Notes about supporting multiple accounts of WeChat Official Accounts Platform / WeChat Enterprise (for example, adding account wx2):

Configuration for multiple accounts is similar to multi-database configuration in config/database.yml, where development, test, production segments are the default configuration, one needs to add wx2_development, wx2_test, wx2_production in order to add additional account named wx2.
Declaration of additional wechat_responder:
```
wechat_responder account: :wx2
```
Use Wechat.api or Wechat.api(:default) to represent the default wechat api. Use Wechat.api(:wx2) to call for wechat api of account wx2.
When using Wechat command line, one can switch to another wechat account by adding optional parameters -a ACCOUNT [--account=ACCOUNT].

For details about supporting multiple accounts, please check PR 150

For wechat mini program, can specified by the item type:

# Mini Program Accounts

  mini_development:
    <<: *default
    appid: "my_appid"
    secret: "my_secret"
    # `mp` is short for **mini program**
    type: 'mp'

Database wechat account configuration

After enabling database account configuration, the following table will be created:

Attribute	Type	Annotation
environment	string	Required. Environment of account configuration. Typical values are: `production`, `development` and `test`. For example, a `production` config will only be available in `production`. Default to `development`.
account	string	Required. Custom wechat account name. Account names must be unique within each environment.
enabled	boolean	Required. Whether this configuration is activated. Default to `true`.
appid	string	Public account id. Either this attribute or `corpid` must be specified.
secret	string	Public account configuration. Required when `appid` exists.
corpid	string	Corp account id. Either this attribute or `appid` must be specified.
corpsecret	string	Corp account configuration. Required when `corpid` exists.
agentid	integer	Corp account configuration. Required when `corpid` exists.
encrypt_mode	boolean
encoding_aes_key	string	Required when `encrypt_mode` is `true`.
token	string	Required.
access_token	string	Required. Path to `access token` storage file.
jsapi_ticket	string	Required. Path to `jsapi ticket` storage file.
skip_verify_ssl	boolean
timeout	integer	Default to 20.
trusted_domain_fullname	string

After updating database account configurations, you need to restart the server, or call Wechat.reload_config! to reload the updates.

Configure priority

Running wechat command in the root folder of Rails application will be using the Rails configuration first (default section), if can not find it, will relay on ~\.wechat.yml, such behavior enables managing more wechat public account and enterprise account without changing your home ~\.wechat.yml file.

When database account configuration is enabled, database configurations will be loaded after yml configuration file or environment parameters. When configurations with the same account name exist in both database and yml file or environment parameter, the one in the database will take precedence.

Wechat server timeout setting

Stability varies for Tencent wechat server, so setting a long timeout may be needed, default is 20 seconds if not set.

Skip the SSL verification

SSL Certification can also be corrupted for some reason in China, it's reported and if it happens to you, you can set skip_verify_ssl: true. (not recommend)

Configure individual responder with different appid

Sometimes, you may want to host more than one enterprise/public wechat account in one Rails application, so you can provide this configuration info when calling wechat_responder or wechat_api

class WechatFirstController < ActionController::Base
   wechat_responder account: :new_account, account_from_request: Proc.new{ |request| request.params[:wechat] }

   on :text, with:"help", respond: "help content"
end

Or you can provide full list of options.

class WechatFirstController < ActionController::Base
   wechat_responder appid: "app1", secret: "secret1", token: "token1", access_token: Rails.root.join("tmp/access_token1"),
                    account_from_request: Proc.new{ |request| request.params[:wechat] }

   on :text, with:"help", respond: "help content"
end

account_from_request is a Proc that takes in request as its parameter, and returns the corresponding wechat account name. In the above examples, controller will choose the account based on the wechat parameter passed in the request. If account_from_request is not specified, or this Proc evaluates to nil, configuration specified by account or the full list of options will be used.

JS-SDK helper

JS-SDK gives you control over Wechat App behavior in html, by injecting a config signature, helper wechat_config_js does that in a simple way:

To make wechat_config_js work, you need to put wechat_api or wechat_responder at controller first.

<body>
<%= wechat_config_js debug: false, api: %w(hideMenuItems closeWindow) -%>
<script type="application/javascript">
  wx.ready(function() {
      wx.hideOptionMenu();
  });
</script>
<a href="javascript:wx.closeWindow();">Close</a>
</body>

Configure the trusted_domain_fullname if you are in development mode and app is running behind a reverse proxy server, otherwise wechat gem won't be able to get the correct url to be signed later.

OAuth2.0 authentication

For public account, code below will get following user's info.

class CartController < ActionController::Base
  wechat_api
  def index
    wechat_oauth2 do |openid|
      @current_user = User.find_by(wechat_openid: openid)
      @articles = @current_user.articles
    end

    # specify account_name to use arbitrary wechat account configuration
    # wechat_oauth2('snsapi_base', nil, account_name) do |openid|
    #  ...
    # end
  end
end

For enterprise account, code below will get enterprise member's userinfo.

class WechatsController < ActionController::Base
  layout 'wechat'
  wechat_responder
  def apply_new
    wechat_oauth2 do |userid|
      @current_user = User.find_by(wechat_userid: userid)
      @apply = Apply.new
      @apply.user_id = @current_user.id
    end
  end
end

wechat_oauth2 already implements the necessary OAuth2.0 and cookie logic. userid defined as the enterprise member UserID. openid defined as the user who following the public account, also notice openid will be different for the same user for different following public accounts.

Notice:

If you use wechat_responder in your controller, you cannot use create and show action in your controller, otherwise it will throw errors.
If you get redirect_uri parameter error message, make sure you set the correct callback url value in wechat management console with path Development center / Webpage service / Webpage authorization for retrieving user basic information.

The API privilege

wechat gems won't handle any privilege exceptions. (except token timeout, but it's not important to you as it's auto retry/recovery in gems internally), but Tencent will control a lot of privilege based on your public account type and certification, for more info please reference official document.

Command line mode

The available API is different between public account and enterprise account, so wechat gems provide different set of command.

Feel safe if you can not read Chinese in the comments, it's kept there in order to copy & find in the official documentation easier.

Public account command line

$ wechat
Wechat Public Account commands:
  wechat addvoicetorecofortext [VOICE_ID]                       # AI 开放接口 - 提交语音
  wechat callbackip                                             # 获取微信服务器 IP 地址
  wechat clear_quota                                            # 接口调用次数清零
  wechat custom_image [OPENID, IMAGE_PATH]                      # 发送图片客服消息
  wechat custom_music [OPENID, THUMBNAIL_PATH, MUSIC_URL]       # 发送音乐客服消息
  wechat custom_news [OPENID, NEWS_YAML_PATH]                   # 发送图文客服消息
  wechat custom_text [OPENID, TEXT_MESSAGE]                     # 发送文字客服消息
  wechat custom_video [OPENID, VIDEO_PATH]                      # 发送视频客服消息
  wechat custom_voice [OPENID, VOICE_PATH]                      # 发送语音客服消息
  wechat customservice_getonlinekflist                          # 获取在线客服接待信息
  wechat group_create [GROUP_NAME]                              # 创建分组
  wechat group_delete [GROUP_ID]                                # 删除分组
  wechat group_update [GROUP_ID, NEW_GROUP_NAME]                # 修改分组名
  wechat groups                                                 # 查询所有分组
  wechat material_get [MEDIA_ID, PATH]                          # 永久媒体下载
  wechat material_add [MEDIA_TYPE, PATH]                        # 永久媒体上传
  wechat material_add_news [MPNEWS_YAML_PATH]                   # 永久图文素材上传
  wechat material_count                                         # 获取永久素材总数
  wechat material_delete [MEDIA_ID]                             # 删除永久素材
  wechat material_list [TYPE, OFFSET, COUNT]                    # 获取永久素材列表
  wechat media [MEDIA_ID, PATH]                                 # 媒体下载
  wechat media_hq [MEDIA_ID, PATH]                              # 高清音频下载
  wechat media_create [MEDIA_TYPE, PATH]                        # 媒体上传
  wechat media_uploadimg [IMAGE_PATH]                           # 上传图文消息内的图片
  wechat media_uploadnews [MPNEWS_YAML_PATH]                    # 上传图文消息素材
  wechat menu                                                   # 当前菜单
  wechat menu_addconditional [CONDITIONAL_MENU_YAML_PATH]       # 创建个性化菜单
  wechat menu_create [MENU_YAML_PATH]                           # 创建菜单
  wechat menu_delconditional [MENU_ID]                          # 删除个性化菜单
  wechat menu_delete                                            # 删除菜单
  wechat menu_trymatch [USER_ID]                                # 测试个性化菜单匹配结果
  wechat message_mass_delete [MSG_ID]                           # 删除群发消息
  wechat message_mass_get [MSG_ID]                              # 查询群发消息发送状态
  wechat message_mass_preview [WX_NAME, MPNEWS_MEDIA_ID]        # 预览图文消息素材
  wechat qrcode_create_limit_scene [SCENE_ID_OR_STR]            # 请求永久二维码
  wechat qrcode_create_scene [SCENE_ID_OR_STR, EXPIRE_SECONDS]  # 请求临时二维码
  wechat qrcode_download [TICKET, QR_CODE_PIC_PATH]             # 通过 ticket 下载二维码
  wechat queryrecoresultfortext [VOICE_ID]                      # AI 开放接口 - 获取语音识别结果
  wechat shorturl [LONG_URL]                                    # 长链接转短链接
  wechat tag [TAGID]                                            # 获取标签下粉丝列表
  wechat tag_add_user [TAG_ID, OPEN_IDS]                        # 批量为用户打标签
  wechat tag_create [TAGNAME, TAG_ID]                           # 创建标签
  wechat tag_del_user [TAG_ID, OPEN_IDS]                        # 批量为用户取消标签
  wechat tag_delete [TAG_ID]                                    # 删除标签
  wechat tag_update [TAG_ID, TAGNAME]                           # 更新标签名字
  wechat tags                                                   # 获取所有标签
  wechat template_message [OPENID, TEMPLATE_YAML_PATH]          # 模板消息接口
  wechat translatecontent [CONTENT]                             # AI 开放接口 - 微信翻译
  wechat user [OPEN_ID]                                         # 获取用户基本信息
  wechat user_batchget [OPEN_ID_LIST]                           # 批量获取用户基本信息
  wechat user_change_group [OPEN_ID, TO_GROUP_ID]               # 移动用户分组
  wechat user_group [OPEN_ID]                                   # 查询用户所在分组
  wechat user_update_remark [OPEN_ID, REMARK]                   # 设置备注名
  wechat users                                                  # 关注者列表
  wechat wxa_msg_sec_check [CONTENT]                            # 检查一段文本是否含有违法违规内容。
  wechat wxacode_download [WXA_CODE_PIC_PATH, PATH, WIDTH]      # 下载小程序码
  wechat clear_quota                                            # 接口调用次数清零

Enterprise account command line

$ wechat
Wechat Enterprise Account commands:
  wechat agent [AGENT_ID]                                  # 获取企业号应用详情
  wechat agent_list                                        # 获取应用概况列表
  wechat batch_job_result [JOB_ID]                         # 获取异步任务结果
  wechat batch_replaceparty [BATCH_PARTY_CSV_MEDIA_ID]     # 全量覆盖部门
  wechat batch_replaceuser [BATCH_USER_CSV_MEDIA_ID]       # 全量覆盖成员
  wechat batch_syncuser [SYNC_USER_CSV_MEDIA_ID]           # 增量更新成员
  wechat callbackip                                        # 获取微信服务器 IP 地址
  wechat clear_quota                                       # 接口调用次数清零
  wechat convert_to_openid [USER_ID]                       # userid 转换成 openid
  wechat convert_to_userid [OPENID]                        # openid 转换成 userid
  wechat custom_image [OPENID, IMAGE_PATH]                 # 发送图片客服消息
  wechat custom_music [OPENID, THUMBNAIL_PATH, MUSIC_URL]  # 发送音乐客服消息
  wechat custom_news [OPENID, NEWS_YAML_PATH]              # 发送图文客服消息
  wechat custom_text [OPENID, TEXT_MESSAGE]                # 发送文字客服消息
  wechat custom_video [OPENID, VIDEO_PATH]                 # 发送视频客服消息
  wechat custom_voice [OPENID, VOICE_PATH]                 # 发送语音客服消息
  wechat department [DEPARTMENT_ID]                        # 获取部门列表
  wechat department_create [NAME, PARENT_ID]               # 创建部门
  wechat department_delete [DEPARTMENT_ID]                 # 删除部门
  wechat department_update [DEPARTMENT_ID, NAME]           # 更新部门
  wechat getusercumulate [BEGIN_DATE, END_DATE]            # 获取累计用户数据
  wechat getusersummary [BEGIN_DATE, END_DATE]             # 获取用户增减数据
  wechat invite_user [USER_ID]                             # 邀请成员关注
  wechat material [MEDIA_ID, PATH]                         # 永久媒体下载
  wechat material_add [MEDIA_TYPE, PATH]                   # 永久媒体上传
  wechat material_count                                    # 获取永久素材总数
  wechat material_delete [MEDIA_ID]                        # 删除永久素材
  wechat material_list [TYPE, OFFSET, COUNT]               # 获取永久素材列表
  wechat media [MEDIA_ID, PATH]                            # 媒体下载
  wechat media_create [MEDIA_TYPE, PATH]                   # 媒体上传
  wechat media_hq [MEDIA_ID, PATH]                         # 高清音频媒体下载
  wechat media_uploadimg [IMAGE_PATH]                      # 上传图文消息内的图片
  wechat menu                                              # 当前菜单
  wechat menu_addconditional [CONDITIONAL_MENU_YAML_PATH]  # 创建个性化菜单
  wechat menu_create [MENU_YAML_PATH]                      # 创建菜单
  wechat menu_delconditional [MENU_ID]                     # 删除个性化菜单
  wechat menu_delete                                       # 删除菜单
  wechat menu_trymatch [USER_ID]                           # 测试个性化菜单匹配结果
  wechat message_send [OPENID, TEXT_MESSAGE]               # 发送文字消息
  wechat qrcode_download [TICKET, QR_CODE_PIC_PATH]        # 通过 ticket 下载二维码
  wechat tag [TAG_ID]                                      # 获取标签成员
  wechat tag_add_department [TAG_ID, PARTY_IDS]            # 增加标签部门
  wechat tag_add_user [TAG_ID, USER_IDS]                   # 增加标签成员
  wechat tag_create [TAGNAME, TAG_ID]                      # 创建标签
  wechat tag_del_department [TAG_ID, PARTY_IDS]            # 删除标签部门
  wechat tag_del_user [TAG_ID, USER_IDS]                   # 删除标签成员
  wechat tag_delete [TAG_ID]                               # 删除标签
  wechat tag_update [TAG_ID, TAGNAME]                      # 更新标签名字
  wechat tags                                              # 获取所有标签
  wechat template_message [OPENID, TEMPLATE_YAML_PATH]     # 模板消息接口
  wechat upload_replaceparty [BATCH_PARTY_CSV_PATH]        # 上传文件方式全量覆盖部门
  wechat upload_replaceuser [BATCH_USER_CSV_PATH]          # 上传文件方式全量覆盖成员
  wechat user [OPEN_ID]                                    # 获取用户基本信息
  wechat user_batchdelete [USER_ID_LIST]                   # 批量删除成员
  wechat user_create [USER_ID, NAME]                       # 创建成员
  wechat user_delete [USER_ID]                             # 删除成员
  wechat user_list [DEPARTMENT_ID]                         # 获取部门成员详情
  wechat user_simplelist [DEPARTMENT_ID]                   # 获取部门成员
  wechat user_update_remark [OPEN_ID, REMARK]              # 设置备注名

Note: replaceparty full departments uploads only supports a single root node as a department and does not support parallel multiple root nodes.

Command line usage demo (partially)

Fetch all users open id

$ wechat users

{"total"=>4, "count"=>4, "data"=>{"openid"=>["oCfEht9***********", "oCfEhtwqa***********", "oCfEht9oMCqGo***********", "oCfEht_81H5o2***********"]}, "next_openid"=>"oCfEht_81H5o2***********"}

Fetch user info

$ wechat user "oCfEht9***********"

{"subscribe"=>1, "openid"=>"oCfEht9***********", "nickname"=>"Nickname", "sex"=>1, "language"=>"zh_CN", "city"=>"徐汇", "province"=>"上海", "country"=>"中国", "headimgurl"=>"http://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/ajNVdqHZLLBd0SG8NjV3UpXZuiaGGPDcaKHebTKiaTyof*********/0", "subscribe_time"=>1395715239}

Fetch menu

$ wechat menu

{"menu"=>{"button"=>[{"type"=>"view", "name"=>"保护的", "url"=>"http://***/protected", "sub_button"=>[]}, {"type"=>"view", "name"=>"公开的", "url"=>"http://***", "sub_button"=>[]}]}}

Menu create

Running command rails g wechat:menu to generate a menu definition yaml file:

button:
 -
  name: "Want"
  sub_button:
   -
    type: "scancode_waitmsg"
    name: "绑定用餐二维码"
    key: "BINDING_QR_CODE"
   -
    type: "click"
    name: "预订午餐"
    key:  "BOOK_LUNCH"
   -
    type: "miniprogram"
    name: "小程序示例"
    url:  "http://ericguo.com/"
    appid: "wx1234567890"
    pagepath: "pages/index"
 -
  name: "Query"
  sub_button:
   -
    type: "click"
    name: "进出记录"
    key:  "BADGE_IN_OUT"
   -
    type: "click"
    name: "年假余额"
    key:  "ANNUAL_LEAVE"
 -
  type: "view"
  name: "About"
  url:  "http://blog.cloud-mes.com/"

Running command below to upload the menu:

$ wechat menu_create menu.yaml

Caution: make sure you have management privilege for this application， otherwise you will get 60011 error.

Send custom news

Sending custom_news should also be defined as a yaml file, like articles.yml

articles:
 -
  title: "习近平在布鲁日欧洲学院演讲"
  description: "新华网比利时布鲁日 4 月 1 日电 国家主席习近平 1 日在比利时布鲁日欧洲学院发表重要演讲"
  url: "http://news.sina.com.cn/c/2014-04-01/232629843387.shtml"
  pic_url: "http://i3.sinaimg.cn/dy/c/2014-04-01/1396366518_bYays1.jpg"

After that, you can run this command:

$ wechat custom_news oCfEht9oM*********** articles.yml

Send template message

Sending template message via yaml file is similar, too, define template.yml and content is just the template content.

template:
  template_id: "o64KQ62_xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx-Qz-MlNcRKteq8"
  url: "http://weixin.qq.com/download"
  topcolor: "#FF0000"
  data:
    first:
      value: "Hello, you successfully registered"
      color: "#0A0A0A"
    keynote1:
      value: "5km Health Running"
      color: "#CCCCCC"
    keynote2:
      value: "2014-09-16"
      color: "#CCCCCC"
    keynote3:
      value: "Centry Park, Pudong, Shanghai"
      color: "#CCCCCC"
    remark:
      value: "Welcome back"
      color: "#173177"

After that, you can run this command:

$ wechat template_message oCfEht9oM*********** template.yml

In code:

template = YAML.load(File.read(template_yaml_path))
Wechat.api.template_message_send Wechat::Message.to(openid).template(template["template"])

If using wechat_api or wechat_responder in controller, can also use wechat as shortcut (supports multi account):

template = YAML.load(File.read(template_yaml_path))
wechat.template_message_send Wechat::Message.to(openid).template(template["template"])

wechat_api - Rails Controller Wechat API

Although user can always access all wechat features via Wechat.api, but it's highly recommended to use wechat directly in the controller. It's not only mandatory required if you plan to support multi-account, it also helps to separate the wechat specific logic from the model layer.

class WechatReportsController < ApplicationController
  wechat_api
  layout 'wechat'

  def index
    @lots = Lot.with_preloading.wip_lot
  end
end

Using wechat api at ActiveJob/Rake tasks

Using Wechat.api to access the wechat api function at any place.

Below is an example via rails console to call AI Voice Recognition API：

# Audio file with ID3 version 2.4.0, contains:MPEG ADTS, layer III, v2,  40 kbps, 16 kHz, Monaural
test_voice_file='test_voice.mp3'
Wechat.api.addvoicetorecofortext('test_voice_id', File.open(test_voice_file))
Wechat.api.queryrecoresultfortext 'test_voice_id'

Checking the signature

Using Wechat.decrypt(encrypted_data,session_key, iv) to decode the data. via. Signature Checking

wechat_responder - Rails Responder Controller DSL

In order to respond to the message user sent, Rails developer needs to create a wechat responder controller and define the routing in routes.rb

  resource :wechat, only: [:show, :create]

So the ActionController should be defined like below:

class WechatsController < ActionController::Base
  wechat_responder

  # default text responder when no other match
  on :text do |request, content|
    request.reply.text "echo: #{content}" # Just echo
  end

  # When receive 'help', will trigger this responder
  on :text, with: 'help' do |request|
    request.reply.text 'help content'
  end

  # When receive '<n>news', will match and will get count as <n> as parameter
  on :text, with: /^(\d+) news$/ do |request, count|
    # Wechat article can only contain max 8 items, large than 8 will be dropped.
    news = (1..count.to_i).each_with_object([]) { |n, memo| memo << { title: 'News title', content: "No. #{n} news content" } }
    request.reply.news(news) do |article, n, index| # article is return object
      article.item title: "#{index} #{n[:title]}", description: n[:content], pic_url: 'http://www.baidu.com/img/bdlogo.gif', url: 'http://www.baidu.com/'
    end
  end

  on :event, with: 'subscribe' do |request|
    request.reply.text "#{request[:FromUserName]} subscribe now"
  end

  # When unsubscribe user scan qrcode qrscene_xxxxxx to subscribe in public account
  # notice user will subscribe public account at the same time, so wechat won't trigger subscribe event anymore
  on :scan, with: 'qrscene_xxxxxx' do |request, ticket|
    request.reply.text "Unsubscribe user #{request[:FromUserName]} Ticket #{ticket}"
  end

  # When subscribe user scan scene_id in public account
  on :scan, with: 'scene_id' do |request, ticket|
    request.reply.text "Subscribe user #{request[:FromUserName]} Ticket #{ticket}"
  end

  # When no any on :scan responder can match subscribe user scanned scene_id
  on :event, with: 'scan' do |request|
    if request[:EventKey].present?
      request.reply.text "event scan got EventKey #{request[:EventKey]} Ticket #{request[:Ticket]}"
    end
  end

  # When enterprise user press menu BINDING_QR_CODE and success to scan bar code
  on :scan, with: 'BINDING_QR_CODE' do |request, scan_result, scan_type|
    request.reply.text "User #{request[:FromUserName]} ScanResult #{scan_result} ScanType #{scan_type}"
  end

  # Except QR code, wechat can also scan CODE_39 bar code in enterprise account
  on :scan, with: 'BINDING_BARCODE' do |message, scan_result|
    if scan_result.start_with? 'CODE_39,'
      message.reply.text "User: #{message[:FromUserName]} scan barcode, result is #{scan_result.split(',')[1]}"
    end
  end

  # When user clicks the menu button
  on :click, with: 'BOOK_LUNCH' do |request, key|
    request.reply.text "User: #{request[:FromUserName]} click #{key}"
  end

  # When user views URL in the menu button
  on :view, with: 'http://wechat.somewhere.com/view_url' do |request, view|
    request.reply.text "#{request[:FromUserName]} view #{view}"
  end

  # When user sends an image
  on :image do |request|
    request.reply.image(request[:MediaId]) # Echo the sent image to user
  end

  # When user sends a voice
  on :voice do |request|
    # Echo the sent voice to user
    # request.reply.voice(request[:MediaId])

    voice_id = request[:MediaId]
    # It's only avaiable for Service Account and enable it in dashboard.
    recognition = request[:Recognition]
    request.reply.text "#{voice_id} #{recognition}"
  end

  # When user sends a video
  on :video do |request|
    nickname = wechat.user(request[:FromUserName])['nickname'] # Call wechat api to get sender nickname
    request.reply.video(request[:MediaId], title: 'Echo', description: "Got #{nickname} sent video") # Echo the sent video to user
  end

  # When user sends location message with label
  on :label_location do |request|
    request.reply.text("Label: #{request[:Label]} Location_X: #{request[:Location_X]} Location_Y: #{request[:Location_Y]} Scale: #{request[:Scale]}")
  end

  # When user sends location
  on :location do |request|
    request.reply.text("Latitude: #{request[:Latitude]} Longitude: #{request[:Longitude]} Precision: #{request[:Precision]}")
  end

  on :event, with: 'unsubscribe' do |request|
    request.reply.success # user can not receive this message
  end

  # When user enters the app / agent app
  on :event, with: 'enter_agent' do |request|
    request.reply.text "#{request[:FromUserName]} enter agent app now"
  end

  # When batch job "create/update user (incremental)" is finished.
  on :batch_job, with: 'sync_user' do |request, batch_job|
    request.reply.text "sync_user job #{batch_job[:JobId]} finished, return code #{batch_job[:ErrCode]}, return message #{batch_job[:ErrMsg]}"
  end

  # When batch job "replace user (full sync)" is finished.
  on :batch_job, with: 'replace_user' do |request, batch_job|
    request.reply.text "replace_user job #{batch_job[:JobId]} finished, return code #{batch_job[:ErrCode]}, return message #{batch_job[:ErrMsg]}"
  end

  # When batch job "invite user" is finished.
  on :batch_job, with: 'invite_user' do |request, batch_job|
    request.reply.text "invite_user job #{batch_job[:JobId]} finished, return code #{batch_job[:ErrCode]}, return message #{batch_job[:ErrMsg]}"
  end

  # When batch job "replace department (full sync)" is finished.
  on :batch_job, with: 'replace_party' do |request, batch_job|
    request.reply.text "replace_party job #{batch_job[:JobId]} finished, return code #{batch_job[:ErrCode]}, return message #{batch_job[:ErrMsg]}"
  end

  # mass sent job finish result notification
  on :event, with: 'masssendjobfinish' do |request|
    # https://mp.weixin.qq.com/wiki?action=doc&id=mp1481187827_i0l21&t=0.03571905015619936#8
    request.reply.success # request is XML result hash.
  end

  # The customer agrees to call back the chat content archive event
  on :change_external_contact do |request|
    # https://open.work.weixin.qq.com/api/doc/90000/90135/92005
    request.reply.success # request is XML result hash.
  end

  # Session event callback
  on :msgaudit_notify do |request|
    # https://open.work.weixin.qq.com/api/doc/90000/90135/95039
    request.reply.success # request is XML result hash.
  end

  # If no match above will fallback to below
  on :fallback, respond: 'fallback message'
end

So the important statement is only wechat_responder, all other is just a DSL:

on <message_type> do |message|
 message.reply.text "some text"
end

The block code will be running to respond to user's message.

Below are currently supported message_types:

:text text message, using :with to match text content like on(:text, with:'help'){|message, content| ...}
:image image message
:voice voice message
:shortvideo shortvideo message
:video video message
:label_location location message with label
:link link message
:event event message, using :with to match particular event, supports regular expression match similar to text message.
:click virtual event message, wechat still sends event message，but gems will map to menu click event.
:view virtual view message, wechat still sends event message，but gems will map to menu view page event.
:scan virtual scan message, wechat still sends event message, but gems will map to scan event.
:batch_job virtual batch job message
:location virtual location message
:fallback default message, when no other responder can handle incoming message, will be used as a fallback handler

Transfer to customer service

class WechatsController < ActionController::Base
  # When no other responder can handle incoming message, will transfer to human customer service.
  on :fallback do |message|
    message.reply.transfer_customer_service
  end
end

Caution: do not set default text responder if you want to use multiply human customer service, other will lead text message can not transfer.

Give a default answer, do not repeat within a week

class WechatsController < ActionController::Base
  on :fallback do |message|
    Rails.logger.debug "YouApp_ToUserName: #{message.message_hash["FromUserName"]}"
    session = WechatSession.find_by openid: message.message_hash["FromUserName"]
    return message.reply.success if session.present? && session.greating_time.present? && session.greating_time >= 1.week.ago

    images_path = Rails.root.join("public", "images", "default_help.jpg")
    media_id = Wechat.api.media_create("image", images_path)["media_id"]
    if session.present? && session.reload
      # generate migration: add_column :wechat_sessions, :greating_time, :datetime
      session.update(greating_time: Time.current)
    end
    message.reply.image(media_id)
  end
end

Notifications

wechat.responder.after_create data includes request Wechat::Message and response Wechat::Message.

Example:

ActiveSupport::Notifications.subscribe('wechat.responder.after_create') do |name, started, finished, unique_id, data|
  WechatLog.create request: data[:request], response: data[:response]
end

Known Issues

Sometimes, enterprise account can not receive the menu message due to Tencent server unable to resolve DNS, so using IP as a callback URL is more stable, but it never happens for user sent text messages.
Enterprise batch "replace users" uses a CSV format file, but if you are using the downloaded template directly, it's not working, must open the CSV file in Excel first, then save as CSV format again, seems Tencent only supports Excel "Save as CSV" file format.
If you using unicorn behind nginx and https, you need to set trusted_domain_fullname and point it to https, otherwise it will be http and will lead to invalid signature in the JS-SDK.

wechat-rails

Development

Runtime